RAGNAROK: THE AGE OF FIRE AND GRAVEL

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Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel is a book by Minnesota politician Ignatius L. Donnelly published first in 1883. It is a companion to the more well-known work Atlantis: The Antediluvian World.

In Ragnarok, Donnelly argues that an enormous comet hit the earth 12,000 years ago, resulting in widespread fires, floods, poisonous gases, and unusually vicious and prolonged winters. The catastrophe destroyed a more advanced civilization, forcing its terrified population to seek shelter in caves. As cave-dwellers, they lost all knowledge of art, literature, music, philosophy, and engineering.

He indicates many legends and myths from various cultures, such as Zoroastrian, Pictish, Hindu, and Ancient Greece, that are all suggestive of a comet striking the earth, the earth catching fire, poisonous gases choking people, and floods and tidal waves swamping large areas. He also discusses early culture's tendency to heliotheism, which he said evolved from gratitude to the Sun, after so many horrific days without it.

Contents of this Ragnarok app includes:

Part I. The Drift

☄ Chapter I. The Characteristics Of the Drift

☄ Chapter II. The Origin Of The Drift Not Known

☄ Chapter III. The Action Of Waves

☄ Chapter IV. Was It Caused By Icebergs?

☄ Chapter V. Was It Caused By Glaciers?

☄ Chapter VI. Was It Caused By Continental Ice-Sheets?

☄ Chapter VII. The Drift A Gigantic Catastrophe

☄ Chapter VIII. Great Heat A Prerequisite

Part II. The Comet.

☄ Chapter I. A Comet Caused the Drift

☄ Chapter II. What Is A Comet?

☄ Chapter III. Could A Comet Strike The Earth?

☄ Chapter IV. The Consequences To The Earth

Part III. The Legends.

☄ Chapter I. The Nature Of Myths

☄ Chapter II. Did Man Exist Before The Drift?

☄ Chapter III. Legends Of The Coming Of The Comet

☄ Chapter IV. Ragnarok

☄ Chapter V. The Conflagration Of Phaëton

☄ Chapter VI. Other Legends Of The Conflagration

☄ Chapter VII. Legends Of The Cave-Life

☄ Chapter VIII. Legends Of The Age Of Darkness

☄ Chapter IX. The Triumph Of The Sun

☄ Chapter X. The Fall Of The Clay And Gravel

☄ Chapter XI. The Arabian Myths

☄ Chapter XII. The Book Of Job

☄ Chapter XIII. Genesis Read By The Light Of The Comet

Part IV. Conclusions.

☄ Chapter I. Was Pre-Glacial Man Civilized?

☄ Chapter II. The Scene Of Man's Survival

☄ Chapter III. The Bridge

☄ Chapter IV. Objections Considered

☄ Chapter V. Biela's Comet

☄ Chapter VI. The Universal Belief Of Mankind

☄ Chapter VII. The Earth Struck By Comets Many Times

☄ Chapter VIII. The After-Word

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