Pengantar Ekonomi Syariah

Discusses the form of application of Islamic concepts, especially economic activity

Discusses the form of application of Islamic concepts, especially economic activity, as well as discusses the term sharia, which is a common word circulating among Muslim communities from the early days of Islam, but what they used was always syara'i (plural) not sharia (mufrad form).

History shows that people who had just converted to Islam and came to the Prophet from various parts of the Arabian Peninsula, asked the Prophet to send someone to them to teach Islamic syara'i.[1] Meanwhile, the term sharia was almost never used in the early days of Islam.

From the development of meaning, the term sharia was introduced with a change in meaning that narrowed to bring a special meaning, namely "Islamic law" in the past.

Sharia is an Arabic vocabulary which literally means "source of water" or "source of life"[2], in Mukhtar al-Sihah it is expressed as follows:[3] Sharia is a source of water and it is the goal for people who will drink. Sharia is also something that has been established by Allah swt. to His servants in the form of religion that has been prescribed to them.

The Arabs applied this term especially to trails leading to fixed and clearly marked water troughs. Thus, this word means a clearly visible path or "highway" to be followed.[4] Advertisements

The Qur'an uses the words syirah and sharia in the sense of religion, or in the sense of the clear path that God has shown for mankind. Sharia is often used as a synonym with the words din and millah which mean all the rules that come from Allah SWT. contained in the Qur'an and hadith which are qat'I or clear text.[5]

While the understanding of Islamic sharia according to Mahmud Syaltut is: sharia according to language is a place visited or intended by humans and animals to drink water.

According to the term, the laws and rules of Allah are prescribed for His servants to follow and their relationship with fellow human beings. Here the meaning is meant in terms, namely sharia is directed to the law that was brought in by the Qur'an and His Messenger, then what was agreed upon by the friends of the laws that did not come regarding their affairs was something from the text of the Qur'an or Sunnah. Then the law is imbued with ijtihad, and enters the ijtihad room to stipulate the law with the intermediary of kias, karinah, signs and arguments.

Whereas sharia according to Salam Madkur: tasyrik is a known pronunciation from the word sharia which among its meanings in the view of Arabs is the straight path and is used by Islamic jurists as a name for the laws that Allah has ordained for His servants and poured out by the intercession of His Messenger so that they carry out with full knowledge both those laws related to deeds or with aqidah as well as with morals and morals and is called the meaning of this tasyrik sentence which means creating laws and making His rules, then tasyrik according to this meaning is make laws whether the laws come from religion and are called tasyrik samawi or from human actions and their thoughts are called tasyrik wa'i.[6]

The definition put forward by Shaltut has clearly separated religion from sharia. According to him, religion (Islam) consists of two main teachings, namely creed and sharia. Where sharia is more devoted to the issue of amaliah. Furthermore, still according to Shaltut, the aspect of aqidah is the foundation where sharia grows and develops, while sharia is something that must grow from that aqeedah.