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History of Ethiopia Tangkapan skrin

Mengenai History of Ethiopia

Read the history of Ethiopia in multiple languages.

The article covers the prehistory and history of Ethiopia from its emergence as an empire under the Aksumites to its current form as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia as well as the history of other areas in what is now Ethiopia such as the Afar Triangle. The Ethiopian Empire (Abyssinia) was first founded by Ethiopian people in the Ethiopian Highlands. Due to migration and imperial expansion, it grew to include many other primarily Afro-Asiatic-speaking communities, including Amhara, Oromos, Somalis, Tigray, Afars, Sidama, Gurage, Agaw and Harari, among others.

One of the early kingdoms to rise to power in the territory was the kingdom of D'mt in the 10th century BC, which established its capital at Yeha. In the first century AD the Aksumite Kingdom rose to power in the Tigray Region with its capital at Aksum and grew into a major power on the Red Sea, subjugating Yemen and Meroe. In the early fourth century, during the reign of Ezana, Christianity was declared the state religion. Ezana's reign is also when the Aksumites first identified themselves as "Ethiopians", and not long after, Philostorgius became the first foreign author to call the Aksumites Ethiopians. The Aksumite empire fell into decline with the rise of Islam in the Arabian peninsula, which slowly shifted trade away from the Christian Aksum. It eventually became isolated, its economy slumped and Aksum's commercial domination of the region ended. The Aksumites gave way to the Zagwe Dynasty, who established a new capital at Lalibela before giving way to the Solomonic Dynasty in the 13th century. During the early Solomonic period, Ethiopia went through military reforms and imperial expansion that made it dominate the Horn of Africa. Portuguese missionaries arrived at this time

ኢትዮጵያ ወይም በይፋ የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ (ኢ.ፌ.ዲ.ሪ.) በአፍሪካ ቀንድ የምትገኝ የረጅም ዘመን ታሪክ ያላት ሀገር ናት። በአፍሪካ ነፃነታቸውን ጠብቀው ለመኖር ከቻሉ ሁለት አገሮች አንዷ ነች። በህዝብ ብዛት ከአፍሪካ ኢትዮጵያ ሁለተኛ ስትሆን ፣ በቆዳ ስፋት ደግሞ አስረኛ ናት። ዋና ከተማዋ አዲስ አበባ ናት።

አብዛኛዎቹ የአፍሪካ ሀገሮች ዕድሜያቸው ከአንድ ምዕተ-ዓመት የሚያንስ ሲሆን ፣ ኢትዮጵያ ግን ከጥንት ጊዜ ጀምሮ በንጉሠ-ነገሥታት እና ንግሥተ-ነግሥታት የተመራች ሀገር ናት። የሰለሞናዊው ሥርወ-መንግሥት የአመጣጡን ዘር እስከ አስረኛው ዓመተ-ዓለም ድረስ ይቆጥራል። ኢትዮጵያ የሰው ልጅ ከጥንት ጊዜ ጀምሮ የኖረባት ቦታ እንደሆነች ብዙ የሳይንሳዊ መረጃ ተግኝቷል። በበርሊን ጉባኤ በኩል የአውሮፓ ሀያላት ሀገሮች አፍሪካን ሲከፋፍሏት፣ ኢትዮጵያ ነፃነቷን ጠብቃለች። የሊግ ኦፍ ኔሽንስ (League of Nations) አባል ከነበሩት ሶስት የአፍሪካ ሀገሮች አንዷ ነበረች። ከአጭር የኢጣልያ ወረራ ጊዜ በኋላም ከየተባበሩት መንግሥታት መሥራቾች አንዷ ናት። ከሁለተኛው የዓለም ጦርነት በኋላ ብዙ የአፍሪካ ሀገራት ነፃነታቸውን ሲያገኙ፣ ሰንደቅ-አላማቸውን በኢትዮጵያ ቀለሞች ማለትም በአረንጓዴ ፣ ቢጫ እና ቀይ ላይ ነው የመሠረቱት። አዲስ አበባ ደግሞ ለየተለያዩ በአፍሪካ ላይ ላተኮሩ አለም አቀፍ ድርጅቶች መቀመጫ ሆነች።

የዛሬዋ ኢትዮጵያ የትልቅ የግዛት ለውጥ ውጤት ናት። ከሰሜን ግዛቱዋ በጣም የተቀነሰ ሲሆን በደቡብ በኩል ደግሞ ተስፋፍቷል። በ ፲፱፻፷፯ (1967) ዓ.ም.፣ ግርማዊ ቀዳማዊ ዓፄ ኃይለ ሥላሴ ከሥልጣን ሲወርዱ፣ የእርስ በርስ ጦርነት በሀገሩ ተባባሰ። ከዚህ ጊዜ በኋላ ኢትዮጵያ በተለያዩ የመንግሥት አይነቶች ተዳድራለች። ዛሬ አዲስ አበባ የአፍሪካ ሕብረት (African Union) እና የተባበሩት መንግሥታት የኢኮኖሚክ ኮሚሽን ለአፍሪካ መቀመጫ ናት። የኢትዮጵያ የመከላከያ ሠራዊት ከአፍሪካ ኃያል ሠራዊቶች አንዱ ነው። ኢትዮጵያ በአፍሪቃ የእራሷ ጥንታዊ ፊደል ያላት ሀገርም ናት።

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