Kitab Sharimul Maslul Terjemah

Discusses the punishment for insulting the prophet

In fact, anyone who insults the Prophet sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam, be it a Muslim or an infidel, must be sentenced to death, this is the opinion of the majority of scholars. Ibn Mundzir said, "The majority of scholars agree that the punishment for insulting the Prophet sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam is death." This is the opinion of Malik, Laits, Ahmad, also Ishaq, and is the Shafi'i school of thought. It was narrated from Nu'man that those who insulted the Prophet Shallallhu Alaihi wa Sallam were not sentenced to death because their sin of shirk was greater.

Abu Bakr Al-Farisi, a scholar of the Shafi'i school of thought, narrated regarding the ijma of the Muslims that insulting the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa Sallam must be sentenced to death, as those who criticize him other than him shall be punished by caning. The meaning of the ijma narrated by Abu Bakr Al-Farisi is probably the ijma of the first generation of friends and tabi'in or their ijma that insulting the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa Sallam must be put to death if he is a Muslim.

This kind of restriction was also carried out by Qadhi Iyadh when he said, "The people have agreed on the death penalty for insulting and humiliating the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa Sallam from the Muslims." Thus, it has been narrated from many scholars regarding the death penalty agreement for blasphemers of the Prophet ﷺ and their disbelief.

And among other contents it discusses the repentance of an insult to the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam

The scholars agree that if the person repents with repentance nasuha and regrets his actions, then his repentance will benefit him on the Day of Judgment, so that Allah forgives his sins.

However, they differed on how his repentance status in the world was and sentenced him to death.

Imam Malik and Ahmad argue that his repentance is not accepted, he must be killed even though he repents. The argument is:

It was narrated from Abu Dawud from Sa'd bin Abi Waqqash he said, "When the conquest of Mecca took place, the Messenger of Allah gave security to everyone except four men and two women and he mentioned their names and that of Ibn Abu Sarh. Then Sa'd mentioned the hadith, he said; As for Ibn Abu Sarh, he hid in the house of Uthman bin Affan, then when the Prophet called for Bai'ah, Uthman brought him to the presence of the Prophet sallallaahu wa'alaihi wa sallam and said, 'O Prophet of Allah, take Bai'at Abdullah'. Then he raised his head and looked at him thrice, each time he did so reluctantly to pay his respects.

Then after three times he took Bai'at and then he turned to his companions and said, 'Isn't there a wise person among you who came to this person where he saw me. I refrained from taking his allegiance, and he killed him?' They said, 'We do not know, O Messenger of Allah, what is in your heart. Haven't you beckoned us with your eyes?' He said, 'Indeed it is not proper for a Prophet to have treacherous eyes'." (Narrated by Abu Daud No. 2334 and authenticated by Albani)

This argument explains that repentance is not accepted for an apostate because he insults him, and even must be killed even though he comes in a state of repentance.